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Home Automation

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IoT Home Automation


In this article, we will discuss the overview of IoT home automation. And will focus on smart lighting, smart appliances, intrusion detection, smoke/gas detector, etc. Let’s discuss it one by one.



Overview :

  • Home automation is constructing automation for a domestic, mentioned as a sensible home or smart house. In the IoT home automation ecosystem, you can control your devices like light, fan, TV, etc. 
  • A domestic automation system can monitor and/or manage home attributes adore lighting, climate, enjoyment systems, and appliances. It is very helpful to control your home devices. 
  • It’s going to in addition incorporates domestic security such as access management and alarm systems. Once it coupled with the internet, domestic gadgets are a very important constituent of the Internet of Things.
  • A domestic automation system usually connects controlled devices to a central hub or gateway. 
  • The program for control of the system makes use of both wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, a smartphone ​application, or an online interface that may even be approachable off-site through the Internet.
  • Smart Home automation refers to the use of technology to control and automate various functions in a home, such as lighting, heating, air conditioning, and security. In the context of IoT (Internet 
    of Things) and M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications, home automation systems can be controlled and monitored remotely through a network connection. 
  • One of the key benefits of IoT-enabled home automation is the ability to control and monitor a wide range of devices and systems from a single, centralized location, such as a smartphone or tablet. This can include everything from lighting and temperature control to security cameras and alarm systems.
  • Another advantage of IoT-enabled home automation is the ability to remotely monitor and control devices, even when away from home. This can be useful for controlling energy consumption and ensuring the safety and security of the home.
  • IoT-enabled home automation systems typically involve the use of smart devices, such as thermostats, light bulbs, and security cameras, that can be controlled and monitored through a centralized hub or app. These smart devices can communicate with each other and with the centralized hub using wireless protocols such as Zigbee, Z-Wave, and Bluetooth.
  • In addition, IoT-enabled home automation systems can integrate with other smart home technologies, such as voice assistants like Alexa and Google Home, to provide additional functionality and convenience.
  • Overall, IoT-enabled home automation can provide many benefits to homeowners, including increased convenience, energy efficiency, and security. However, it is important to ensure the security of these systems, as they may be vulnerable to hacking and other cyber threats.

 

Components :
Here, you will see the smart home components like smart lighting, smart appliances, intrusion detection, smoke/gas detector, etc. So, let’s discuss it.

Component-1 :
                                       Smart Lighting 

  • Smart lighting for home helps in saving energy by adapting the life to the ambient condition and switching on/off or dimming the light when needed.
  • Smart lighting solutions for homes achieve energy saving by sensing the human movements and their environments and controlling the lights accordingly.


Python code using Arduino Nano:





Explanation:
  • Connect GND to Arduino GND, PIR GND, and Emitter of TIP120.
  • Connect 5v to one of the terminals of LDR and VCC of PIR.
  • Connect the other terminal of LDR to pin A7 of Arduino.
  • Connect the OUT of PIR to pin D2 of Arduino
  • Connect the Base of TIP120 to Arduino pin D3 via a 1k ohm 1/4w resistor.
  • Connect a 10k ohm 1/4w resistor from pin A7 of Arduino to the GND.
  • Finally, connect the negative of Light to the Collector of TIP120 and positive of Light directly to the 12v supply.
  • Give power to Arduino.
 

Component-2 :

Smart Appliances 

  • Smart appliances with the management are here and also provide status information to the users remotely.
  • Smart washer/dryer can be controlled remotely and notify when the washing and drying are complete.
  • Smart refrigerators can keep track of the item store and send updates to the users when an item is low on stock.

Component-3 :

Intrusion Detection 

  • Home intrusion detection systems use security cameras and sensors to detect intrusion and raise alerts.
  • Alert can we inform of an SMS or an email sent to the user.
  • Advanced systems can even send detailed alerts such as an image shoot or short video clips.

  • How It Works:

    1. PIR Sensor: Detects motion. If motion is detected, it triggers the alert.
    2. LDR + Laser: Detects if the laser beam (pointed at the LDR) is interrupted. If the beam is interrupted (LDR value increases), it triggers the alert.
    3. Buzzer and LED: These turn on when an intruder is detected, either by motion or laser interruption.  

    Python program:

Component-4 :

Smoke/gas detectors 

  • Smoke detectors are installed in homes and buildings to detect smoke that is typically an early sign of Fire.
  • It uses optical detection, ionization for Air sampling techniques to detect smoke.
  • Gas detectors can detect the presence of harmful gases such as CO, LPG, etc.
  • It can raise alerts in the human voice describing where the problem is.

How It Works:
    1. MQ2 Sensor: Reads the analog value from the MQ2 sensor, which detects smoke and gases like LPG, methane, hydrogen, etc.
    2. Threshold Check: The gas level is compared to the GAS_THRESHOLD. If the value exceeds the threshold, it triggers the buzzer and LED.
    3. Buzzer/LED: The buzzer and LED will turn on if gas or smoke is detected, and off if levels return to normal.

    Python coding 




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